How to Become a Real Estate Agent: Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Licensed

Navigating the journey to becoming a real estate agent can be both exciting and daunting. The real estate industry continues to draw professionals with promises of independence, potential for high earnings, and the opportunity to guide clients through significant life decisions. However, starting a career in real estate requires more than just enthusiasm; it demands formal education, successful exam completion, and a commitment to ongoing professional development.

Market trends show that real estate careers remain resilient even during fluctuating economies, with many entering the field to seize opportunities in both residential and commercial property markets. Whether inspired by the successes of agents featured on reality TV or seeking the flexibility and autonomy the role offers, aspiring agents must adhere to a well-defined licensing process shaped by state regulations and industry standards.

Step 1: Meet Eligibility and Educational Prerequisites

Each U.S. state regulates its own set of requirements for real estate licensing. While particulars vary, the foundational prerequisites generally include:

• Age and Legal Residency: Most states require candidates to be at least 18 or 19 years old and possess a valid Social Security number or lawful presence in the United States.
• High School Education: A high school diploma or equivalent is typically mandatory.

After meeting these eligibility criteria, the next step is to complete pre-licensing education. State regulations prescribe a specific number of classroom hours—often ranging from 40 to over 180 hours—covering fundamental topics such as property ownership, contracts, finance, law, and ethics.

Real-world Example

For instance, California requires 135 hours of approved courses, while New York demands 77 hours. Many aspiring agents opt for online learning platforms like Kaplan, Real Estate Express, or local community colleges, which offer courses tailored to each state’s requirements.

Step 2: Pass the State Real Estate Exam

Upon finishing the required coursework, candidates must apply for and pass their state’s real estate licensing exam. The exam format typically includes both national and state-specific questions, testing practical knowledge alongside a grasp of local regulations.

• Exam Registration: Candidates must submit an application, often along with their course completion certificates and a fee.
• Test Structure: Most exams are multiple-choice and conducted in test centers under timed conditions.
• Background Check: Many states also require a background check or fingerprinting process—a step designed to verify the applicant’s legal standing.

Passing scores vary but usually require at least a 70% or higher. Those who do not succeed on their first attempt are often allowed to retake the test, usually within a certain timeframe and upon payment of an additional fee.

“Preparation is key. Taking practice exams, reviewing state-specific real estate statutes, and seeking advice from licensed professionals can greatly improve your odds,” advises Lauren Tapp, a licensed broker and mentor.

Step 3: Activate Your Real Estate License

Successful completion of the state exam grants candidates the eligibility to activate their license. However, no individual can operate independently as a new real estate agent. Instead, state regulations universally require signing on with a licensed real estate brokerage.

Why Sponsorship Matters

A sponsoring broker not only holds your license but also provides essential support, legal compliance, and mentorship. This affiliation is fundamental—new agents gain access to the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), client leads, and marketing tools, all critical components for launching a successful career.

• Selecting a Brokerage: Factors to consider include commission structure, training programs, office culture, and reputation in the local market.
• Onboarding: New agents typically undergo additional in-house training on business practices, technology, and ongoing legal education.

Step 4: Build Experience and Network

Once licensed and affiliated with a brokerage, the journey has only just begun. Early career agents are advised to focus on building their network, developing expertise in their chosen market, and actively cultivating client relationships.

Strategies for Early Success

• Mentorship: Many brokerages assign mentors to help novices navigate their first transactions.
• Continuous Learning: Ongoing education is not only a regulatory requirement in most states but also a competitive advantage. Specialized certifications (e.g., in commercial property, luxury homes, or investment real estate) can distinguish an agent in a crowded field.
• Technology Adoption: Leveraging CRM systems, virtual touring tools, and social media marketing is increasingly essential for winning clients and managing listings efficiently.

Mini Case Study

In Texas, first-year agent Maria Chen joined a firm focused on digital marketing. By attending brokerage-hosted workshops and shadowing experienced colleagues, she closed six deals in her first 12 months—outpacing the national average for new agents. Her success demonstrates the value of aligning with a supportive brokerage and pursuing continuous learning.

Step 5: Uphold Professional Ethics and Advance Your Career

Sustaining a productive career in real estate involves much more than licensing. Agents must uphold ethical standards, comply with Fair Housing laws, and provide transparent, client-centered service at all times.

Membership in Professional Associations

Joining organizations like the National Association of Realtors (NAR) further distinguishes agents. Becoming a REALTOR® entails agreeing to a strict code of ethics and opens up access to advanced networking opportunities and continuing education.

Beyond this, successful agents continually build their personal brand. This can involve hosting local seminars, contributing thought leadership in community publications, or developing relationships with mortgage lenders and attorneys.

Conclusion: Turning Ambition into Achievement

Becoming a real estate agent is a structured yet rewarding pursuit. It demands a blend of formal education, state exam success, networking, and a steadfast commitment to ethical service. Every step, from coursework to closing your first deal, contributes to professional growth and financial opportunity. For those willing to invest the time and forge meaningful industry relationships, a career in real estate offers not just a job, but a pathway to personal and professional development.

FAQs

What are the basic education requirements to become a real estate agent?
You typically need to be at least 18 or 19 years old and have a high school diploma or GED. Pre-licensing coursework, measuring between 40 and 180+ hours depending on the state, is also required.

How long does it take to become a licensed real estate agent?
The timeline varies by state and study mode. Most candidates complete the process—from coursework through exam and sponsorship—within 3–6 months if working at a steady pace.

Can I take real estate licensing courses online?
Yes, many accredited providers offer online pre-licensing classes that meet state requirements. This offers flexibility for those balancing studies with work or family obligations.

What does it cost to get a real estate license?
Total costs differ by state but generally range from several hundred to over a thousand dollars, including course fees, exam fees, licensing, and background checks.

Do I need a college degree to become a real estate agent?
A college degree is not required. However, higher education or relevant business coursework can be beneficial for career advancement.

Is joining a professional association like NAR necessary?
While not strictly mandatory in all areas, joining organizations such as the National Association of Realtors provides access to valuable resources, industry updates, and professional credibility.